Múa rối nước - water puppetry

temtem

Múa rối nước is Vietnamese water puppetry. Múa rối nước literally means "puppets that dance on water." The tradition is most typical of northern Vietnam.

The puppets are built out of wood and the shows are performed in a waist-deep pool. A large rod supports the puppet under the water and is used by the puppeteers to control them. The appearance is of the puppets moving over the water.

The origin of múa rối nước is debated among scholars. The practice is thought to have originated in the Red River Delta in Vietnam during the Ly Dynasty (12th century). When the rice fields would flood the villagers, would entertain each other using this puppet form.

Eventually, villages would compete against each other with their puppet shows. This led puppet societies to be secretive and exclusive, including an initiation ceremony that involved drinking rooster blood.

History
The origins of Múa rối nước are still debated among scholars. It is considered to have come from within Vietnam, where the art is highly developed today. Nevertheless, within Vietnam, at least, this unique art has its origin in the delta of the Red river in the tenth century. Some of the earliest troupes are in Nguyên Xá commune, Đông Hưng district, Thai Binh province. [1] [2] [3]

In ancient Vietnam, the rural Vietnamese believed that spirits controlled all aspect of their lives, from the kitchen to the rice paddies. The Vietnamese devised water puppetry as a way to satisfy these spirits. The farmers in this region devised a form of entertainment and worship using what natural medium they could find in their environment.

In ancient times, the ponds and flooded rice paddies after harvest were the stage for these impromptu shows.

This art form is unique to North Vietnam and only finds its way to the world stage in recent years as a result of the normalized relation with the West.

Today the Thang Long puppet troupe is the most well known in Hanoi.
Performance

Modern water puppetry is performed in a pool of water 4 meters square with the water surface being the stage. Performance today occurs on one of three venues--on traditional ponds in villages where a staging area has been set up, on portable tanks built for traveling performers, or in a specialized building where a pool stage has been constructed.

Up to 8 puppeteers stand behind a split-bamboo screen, decorated to resemble a temple facade, and control the puppets using long bamboo rods and string mechanism hidden beneath the water surface. The puppets are carved out of wood and often weigh up to 15 kg.
A Vietnamese water puppet.
A Vietnamese water puppet.

A traditional Vietnamese orchestra provides background music accompaniment. The instrumentation includes vocals, drums, wooden bells, cymbals, horns, erhu (Chinese two-stringed fiddle), and bamboo flutes. The bamboo flute's clear, simple notes may accompany royalty while the drums and cymbals may loudly announce a fire-breathing dragon's entrance.

Singers of Cheo (a form of opera originating in north Vietnam) sing songs which tell the story being acted out by the puppets. The musicians and the puppets interact during performance; the musicians may yell a word of warning to a puppet in danger or a word of encouragement to a puppet in need.

The puppets enter from either side of the stage, or emerge from the murky depths of the water.

Spotlights and colorful flags adorn the stage and create a festive atmosphere.
Content
The theme of the skits is rural and has a strong reference to Vietnamese folklore. It tells of day-to-day living in rural Vietnam and Vietnamese folk tales that are told by grandparents to their grandchildren. Stories of the harvest, of fishing and of festivals are highlighted.

Legends and national history are also told through short skits. Many of the skits, especially those involving the tales of day-to-day living, often have a humorous twist.

Sources : en.wikipedia.org vi.wikipedia.org

temtem

Múa rối nước (hay còn gọi là rối nước) là một loại hình nghệ thuật sân khấu dân gian truyền thống lâu đời của Việt Nam. Theo các nhà nghiên cứu thì nó xuất hiện từ đời Lý, vào khoảng thế kỷ 11, đầu thế kỷ 12. Múa rối nước thường được biểu diễn trong dịp Tết cổ truyền hoặc trong các dịp lễ hội của người Việt. Trong kho tàng múa rối nước của Việt Nam, có 30 tiết mục cổ truyền và hàng trăm tiết mục rối hiện đại kể về những sự tích dân gian và cuộc sống hàng ngày của người dân Việt và miền đồng bằng sông Hồng là cái nôi sinh ra hình thức nghệ thuật này.

Nghệ thuật rối nước có những đặc điểm khác với múa rối thông thường: dùng mặt nước làm sân khấu (gọi là nhà rối hay thủy đình), phía sau có phông che, xung quanh trang trí cờ, quạt, voi, lọng, cổng hàng mã... trên "sân khấu" này là những con rối (được làm bằng gỗ) biểu diễn nhờ sự điều khiển của những người phía sau phông thông qua hệ thống sào, dây... Biểu diễn rối nước không thể thiếu những tiếng trống, tiếng pháo phụ trợ.

Cac phuong roi o dong bang Bac Bo: 1. Phuong roi nuoc Lang Nguyen 2. Phuong roi nuoc Dong Cac 3. Phuong roi nuoc Lang Ra 4. Phuong roi nuoc Thanh Hai 5. Phuong roi nuoc Bo Duong 6. Phuong roi nuoc Nhan Hoa 7. Phuong roi nuoc Dao Thuc

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